Signaling system.



R. H. MARRIOTT.

SIGNALING SYSTEM.

APPLIOATION mum MAY 12, 1908.

91 3,528, Patented Feb. 23, 1909.,

Attest: In ventor: I

ROBERT H. MARRIOTT, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.-

SIGNALING SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

' Patented Feb. 23, 1909.

Application filed. May 12, 1908. Serial No. 432,351.

the principles of which are set forth in thefollowing specification and accompanying drawings, which disclose the form of the invention which I now consider to be the best of the various forms in which the principles of the invention may be embodied.

This invention relates to signaling systems useful for determining, first, the distances between two locations, such as a vessel and a shore-station, lighthouse or bellbuoy, orbetween two vessels, and also the direction of one with respect to another, particularly in the cases specified, where it may be desirable or important to speedily obtain accurate knowledge of such distance or direction, or both, where the same may be variable, and undeterminable' by means alone either. of waves of a ponderable medium, (water or air) as those of sound, or by means of the ethericmedium, such as light or electric waves. The invention is extremely useful, not only in locating a vessel in distress, but in preventing accidents, and

in permitting safe navigation under other wise dangerous weather conditions.

The object of the invention is such a system, which is accurate and reliable in opera tion.

The invention consists of substantially the system hereinafter disclosed.

It has heretofore been proposed to emit at one place waves' of sound simultaneously with the emission of a train or trains of electric waves constituting a telegraphic signal reproducible at a distant place, in order to permit the successive reception of the two kinds of signals at such place, (which, al-- though distant, is yet within receptive distance of the sound waves), whereby the time interval between the reception of the two kinds of signals, due to the great difference in the time of transmission thereof, would indicate the distance between the two laces.

It has been proposed to accomplish t is re-.

sult as by operating a sound-producing means and simultaneously closing a switch 7 to cause theproduction of electric waves etherically transmissible telconstituting an In accordance with the presegraph slgnal.

'lightship, etc.

ent invention the danger is obviated of confusing such wireless telegraph signal (transmitted for said purpose) with other like signals which may be either calls and parts of messages from other wireless telegraphy installations, or simply false signals caused by atmospheric electricity. (At a typical com. mercia buzzing, humming an clucking sounds are received at almost any instant from seven a. m. to two a. m. that is for the greater part of each day.) In accordance with this invention also, the dan er is obviated ofconfusion with the usua whistles, sirens and fog horns em loyed for their ordinary purpose. In or er to be racticable, the received indications for the determination of distance and direction must be clearly distinguishable from forei n interference by other kinds of signals. In accordance with the present invention, also, the danger is obviated of the results, asin navigation, of having only a partial knowledge of the. location of, a distant point, such as vmerely its :distance and not its direction.

.I am aware also that it has been proposed to enable the making of an approximate estimate of distance by emitting an electric Wave signal of decrescent amplitude, whereby the receiving operator would hear longer signals as the distance becomes .less, and

station of the (present time, various vice versa; but this method requires not only a calculation based on the knowled e of the relation between the distance and t e duration of the received signals, but also a knowledge of the actual duration of emission of signals, which involves considerable uncertainty and impracticability, irrespective of the additional fact that the strength of. received signals as observed in the receiving telephone, varies not only with the distance, but with several other variable conditions.

It has also been pro osed to employ water as the ponderable me ium for the transmisv sion of sound Waves for the purpose of determining tlie difiection of one point, such as a ,{with respect to another point,

such as a vessel. Suc a system does not serve as ameans for determining the distance between the two oints, although it does provide means for etermining approximate direction between points which could not, under all adverse conditions such as-storms, fog or'darkness, be placed-in communication by way of the atmosphere by. any of the a such as to permit the rece usual sound-signaling means, even when irective meansfor emittmg paratus; and Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic illusknowledge, 40

J who is transmissible to aconsiderable disstitutingatelegraphic signal, to measure distances,

. telegraphic signals with other wireless telegthe exact location of the same.

.lic vibrato cause a reproduction at the wireless receivmedium, by such a sound-producing means,

- action of the soundusual sound-signaling means, or by way of the ether the space'occupied by either .air or water by any of the usual light-signaling means. I

It has also been proposed to transmit sound waves through water in cooperation with the transmission of electric waves con-.

ut such a system does not provide against the danger of the confusion of such ra h signals and messages.

e it is true thatthe usual light-signaling means indicates direction (in cases where the condition of the transmitting medium is tion of signals),

yet this does notindicate istance; and the and receiving are employed, indicates neit 'er distance nor direction except in the case of the water medium whereby direction is, approximately indicated, but not distance.

In accordance with this invention, not only is there provided means for directly approximately estimating the location of a distant point, but also means for determining Of the drawings, Figure 1 is a die rammatic illustration of a transmitting an a receiving installation (at the left and right respectively), said. installations being located at two points distant from each other, as on. a ship and at a shore station, or on two shi s, each of which may of course be provi ed with both transmitting and receiving aptration of a" method ofobtaining accurate g by means of the invention, of the direction and location of a distant-point.

I have discovered that an ordinary metalsound producing means such as a bell, whic I is the means usually'employed for sub-marine signaling, and which is one of the few practical means for producing-a com aratively pure or simple harmonic note,

tance, has extraordinary properties when employed, as a means for controlling the emission of electric waves in suchway as to ing installation so exact as to constitute a most reliable mode of reception through all foreign interference such asordinary wireless telegraphy messages and false signals caused by atmospheric disturbances, which exact reproduction is so necessary in a system of t e type of the present invention.

The action upon the controlling tele hone transmitter and thence upon the e ectric wave source, and also the transmitting is apparently functionally analogous tothe' roducing means ltSOlf. e product or such a This character of; t

sound-producing means is sucli that its translation mto, and its translation in the,

wtransmitted electric waves modified by ineans of other kinds of sound-waves are not received at I all. Furthermore, the undamped oscillations employed in wireless telephony ermit much closer tuning than the damped oscillationof wireless telegraph,

such that in this system everythin but the effects of the transmitting bell can e tuned out as desired. In pursuance of this, the

wireless telephonetransmitter T, Fig. 1, is

placed in the body of water W, which is common to that of the receiving installation, and in close operative bell B' as arranged or submarine signaling, also in the same body of water.

As is known to those skilled in the art, a receiving operator on a distant vessel provided With telephonic receiving devices located at different portions'of the hull of the vessel, can thereby estimate the approximate direction of the That expedient for direction finding is not re quired with this invention, although it may be employed if desired. Since the sound waves from the bell which are transmitted through the ponderable medium, (water in the case shown) are to operate not only the local wireless telephone transmitter T, but also another tele hone transmitter R located in the same me 'um on the distant vessel, which may not be more than a few miles distant, the wireless telephone transmitter T should be so located with respect to the bell B that the extent of onderable medium W between it and the bell will be so short as to be sub-- stantially negligible as compared with the distance between the bell and the distant tele hone transmitterR at the receiving installhtion. The transmitters T and R may be of the ordinary carbon-buttontype, containing carbon granules and a cooperating diaphragm, as well known in'the art.

roxi'mity to the usual ell signahng mstallati'on.

These transmitters are of course, in practice, to-

gether with, their leads to the apparatus on the vessel, suitably insulated from the conductive and erosive action of the. water, which will usually' be salt. The wireless telephony apparatus controlled by the trans-- mitter T may be of a suitable kind, as those known to those skilled in that art, and as shown by We of example.

In the case w ere the sound waves may be employed, pursuant to this invention, exclusively iiithe form of sound waves throughout their use and .irrespective of electric waves, but in two different media, such as air and water, which transmits them at different velocities, the advantages of' the invention are present, provided that the resented in Fig. 1 where the entire wireless telephony transmitting apparatus on the vessel at the left may be considered to be representative of a bell like that in the water but located in air, and the wirless telephone transmitter in the water may be considered to be representative of a connection between the two bells adapted to permit their simultaneous operation.

At the receiving installation, the telephone transmitter R in the'same body of water W, controls an ordinary telephone receiver C in circuit'vsith it, and with a suitable source of e. m. f., as a' battery E. For approximate location of direction, said transmitter B may cooperate in multiple with, other similar transmitters, as in the submarine signaling art, located as fore and aft of a vessel, and on the port and starboard sides. A more accurate method of determining direction b the use of this invention is, however, disc osed hereinafter. The wireless telephone apparatns at the receivin installation at the right may be of any suita le kind, as those known to those skilled inthe art, and as shown by way of example. It is also provided with'a telephone receiver D, and this, with the re.

ceiver C operated by the transmitter R, may be mounted on a common head-piece V, whereby the receiving operator can readily listen, first with .one ear, to the sound first occurring in receiver D, and then, with the other ear, to the like sound next occurring in receiver C. If desired however, the two receivers may be wound coo eratively, (as the two head telephones of sue a set usually are in practice), in order that both instruments may act together for each of the two successive like signals, and to this end leads may be taken to the cooperating telephones from both sets of receiving apparatus. Any other suitable telephonic means may be employed in place of the telephone receivers, for noting the successive receipt of the electric waves and sound Waves. The wireless apparatus at both the transmittin and receiving installations may if desire be that employed at the same installations for ordinary telephonic or telegraphic service, so that, there need not be special apparatus of this kind to permit the present invention to be employed.

As'shown, the wireless transmitting apparatus consists, for example, as at the left in Fig. 1, ofan'antenna conventionally re resente'd at A, grounded through secon ary inductance S and telephone transmitter '1,

whereby the sustained' oscillations which may operatively be continuous 'in the antenna are varied in amplitude, form or frequency by the variations of the telephone,

iaphragm produced by the water-waves of" sound from-the bell B. The extent of the medium W between B and T is substantiall negligible as compared with that between D and R, as indeed the mechanical vibrations of the sound 'producing means may -be caused to act directly on a resistance-varying contact to efiect the same result. The transformer primary P is in operative relation to secondary S, and in circuit, as shown, with variable condenserK, inductances I and H, and generator G, the arc gap 0 being in shunt. At the receiving station as shown on the right in Fig. 1, the electrostatic loop antenna F is connected to the variable tunin inductances L and M, a lead being taken 0 inductance M, through the carborundum detector J and condenser U to the earth connection, and the local source of e. m. f. consisting of the battery Q and otentiometer N, "being connected with the etector J and telephone receiver D,

For distance-determination the mere observation of the time-interval elapsing between the successive instants of reception of the sound by the two diflerent means, is sufficient to instantly impart knowledge of the distance of transmission, the transmission of the ether-waves being substantiallykinstantaneous and the velocity of the sound. waves being comparatively very low and definitely known. For convenience in accurate operation, a sto watch may be calibrated to indicate t e distance of soundwave transmission per second, the watch to be started as soon as the first sound is heard and stopped at the instant of reception of the second sound.

The invention in addition to its function of permitting the speedy acquirement ofaccurate knowledge as to distance and approximate knowledge of direction, can be e-mployed as hereinbefore suggested, to obtain accurate knowledge of direction by means of various methods, as follows: If knowledge I v of the distance between the inquiring installation has been obtained as by the use of the invention, and each of two installations the distance between which is known (as in the case of two shore stations), the exact direction of location of either of the latter with respect tothe inquiring installation, can be readily obtained by triangulation, when, as

would-usually be the case, the general direc- :cles havingthe radii; In cases w the latter 'is in motion, will give the exact lomined distance of the inquiring .vessel in its initial position indicated at 1, from the unknown installation, and the circle Y has the same with res ect to the distance from the inquiring vesse s second Position: 2. The two points of intersection 0 these two circles indicate two possible locations of the point sought, which will known that the general direction of such the latter has not point is toward one or the other of such intersections. But in the case of total lack of knowledge in q1 estion, above premised, the in uiring vesse maydake a course toward eit er one of said intersecting points and then, at its third position; 3, make a second observation with the stop-watch. The resulting third circle Z; the radius of which is the distance from the object sought (as in the cases of the two other circles) will cut one of the points, as T, of the intersection of circles X and Y, and this oint T will represent the exact location of the object sought, in case moved a substantial distance, such that the complete data thus obvelocities,

tained (including the distances and directions traversed by the vessel, as indicated by the log and compass,) readily permits a speedy estimate or calculation to be made,- to o tain the definite knowledge sought. The. method can likewise be em loved to locate a distant vessel, even when t e latter is in 1110 mg, by means of two observations wit the stop-watch, in case the distant. moving vessel has telephoned or telegraphed information of its course and speed.

The invention provides a simple, "effective and practicable means for accom lishing the stated objects, andv its characteristic feature of the transmission and reception of the same sound by way of difierent media at difi'erent insures a practical freedom from the confus' and dangerous effects of mterferenlca by 35m signals.

1. In a system for the communication ofintelligence b different forms of. one v cooperatively, t e combination with a be at a transmitting installation and a tele hone' transmitter at a distant receiving insta ation, said bell and telephone transmitter being located in a common body of water, of a telephone transmitter located at the transmitt' installation, in the same body of water aforesaid -and at a sound transmissible distance from said bell which is negligible as compared ceiving installation be suflicient when it is transmitting installation an tance from said soundproducing ared with the disdistant telephone transmitter; means lo-.

cated at the transmitting installation, and controlled by the telephone transmitter in the water thereat for emitting electric waves having'reproducible characteristics substantially correspondin with those of the sound waves emitted by t e bell; means at the reing installation or observing the receipt, of

for receiving electric waves; and telephonic means at the receivand the succeeding receipt of the sound waves by the telephone transmitter in the water at the receivmg installation.

2. In a system .for the communication of intelligence by differentforms of'energy cooperatively, the combination with a vibratory metallic sound-producin means at a a telephone transmitter at a distant receivinginstallation, said vibratory -metallic ing means and telephone transmitterbe' sound-pl oduclocated in a common body of water; of a telephone transmitter located at the transmitting installation, in the same body of p water aforesaid and'at a sound-transmissible distance from said sound-producing means which is negligible as com ared with the distance between the soun -producing means and said' distant telep'one transmitter; means located at the transmitting installa-' tion, and controlled by the telephone transmitter in the water thereat, or emitting electric waves having reproducible charac-f teristics substantially correspon with those of the sound waves emitted y the vibratory metallic sound producing means; means at the receiving installation for receiving electric waves, and tele honic means at the recei installation or observing the receipt. of t e electric waves by" their receiving means, and the succeeding receipt of the "sound waves by the telephone transmitter in the water at the receiving installation.

3; In a system for the communication of intelligence by different forms of energy c0 operatively, the combination with' a soundproducing means at a transmitting installation and a teleslhone transmitter at a distant receiving inst ation, said sound-producing means and telephone transmitter being 10- cated in a common body of water; of a telephone transmitter located at the transmitting installation, in the same body of water aforesaid, and at a sound-transumssible diswhich is negligible as com tance between the soun -producing means and distant telephone transmitter; means lo-' tially corresponding with those of the sound waves emitted by the sound producing" means; means at the receiving installation for receiving electi'lc waves; and telefphonlc means at the receiving installation or observing the receipt of the electric waves by their receiving means, and the successive receipt of the sound waves by the telephone transmitter in the water at the receiving installation.

4. In a system for the communication of intelligence by different forms of energy cooperatively, the combination, at a transmittmg installation, with a bell, of a telephone transmitter located in the same medium in which the bell is located and at a substantially negligible sound-transmissible distance from sai bell, and means, controlled by said telephone transmitter, for emitting electric waves having reproducible characteristics substantially corresponding with those of the sound-waves emitted by said bell.

5. In a system for the communication of intelligence b different forms of energy cooperatively, t e combination, at a transmitting installation, with a vibratory metallic sound-pro ducing means, of a telephone transmitter means is located and at a substantially negligible sound-transmissible distance from said sound-producing means, and means, controlled by said telephone transmitter, for emitting electric waves having reproducible characteristics substantially corresponding with those of the sound-waves emitted by said vibratory metallic sound-producing means.

6. Ina system for the communication of intelligence by different forms of energy 00- operatively, the combination, at a transmitting installation, with means for emitting a substantially ure sound transmissible to a considerable istance in the form of soundwaves, of a telephone transmitter located in the same mediumtin which the sound-emitting means is located and at a substantially velocities, of means for causing one of the negligible sound-transmissible distance from said sound-producing means; and means, controlled by said telephone transmitter, for emitting electric waves, having reproducible characteristics substantially corresponding with the waves from said sou'ndemitting means.

7. In a system for the communication of intelligence by different forms of energy cooperatively, the combination, at a transmitting installation, with means for emitting, substantially simultaneously, two different kinds of waves transmissible at different kinds of waves to control the operation of the emitting means for the otherkind of waves.

8. In a system for the communication of coated in the same medium in whichthe vibratory metallic sound -producingintelligence by difierent forms of energy cooperatively, the combination with means for emitting electric waves, of means for emit ting sound waves at desired times, and means, controlled by the sound-emitting means and located at a substantially negliible sound-transmissible distance theremm, for varying the reproducible characteristics of the electric waves to establish a substantial correspondence thereof with those of the sound-waves.

9. A system for the communication of intelligence by ,difierent forms of energy cooperatively, which comprises means for of said sound waves in the first medium, said waves in the second medium being transmissible at a rate of speed different from that of the rate of transmission of the waves in the first medium.

11. Ina s stem for the communication of inte encel iy difierent forms of energy c0- operatively, the combination, at a transmitting installation, with means for reproducing electric waves; of means for roducing sound-waves; and means contro ling the means for producing the electric waves and located at a-substantially negligible soundtransmissible distance from the soundproducing means,'whereb the reproducible characteristics of the e ectric Waves are caused by the action of the sound waves on said controlling means .to correspond substantially with those of the sound waves.

12. Ina s stem for the observation from a movable o ject such as a vessel, of a distant ointfthe combination, in aireceiving insta ation on the movable object,fwith means for receiving energy-waves transmitted at different velocitiesto the vmovable object, but emitted substantially simultaneously from the distant point, which waves so transmitted at different velocities, have substantially corresponding reproducible characteristics, said receiving means being adapted to receive such energy waves; of means operatively associated with said receiving means, for telephonically reproducing such characteristics so received, to ermit the identification of the simultaneous y emitted waves of 'difierentf yelo'cities su chessi'vely' ref ceived, and to "permit successive observations of the varying time intervals between their successive reception at successive stages of the varying conditionsof the movable'object with which the receiving installation is incorporated.

'13. In a signaling system, the combination, at'a transmitting installation, with a bell located in a body of water and adapted for the propagation of sound waves through the water, o a telephone transmitter artia y negligible sound-transmissible distance from said bell; and an electric-wave transmitter controlled by said telephone transmitter to einit electric ether-waves having reproducible characteristics substantially gggesponding with the sound waves of the 1 1. In a system for the observation at one point of a distant object which may be movable, as a vessel, the combination, at the point of observation, with m eans for receivingenergy-waves transmitted at different ve ocities to the receiving means, 'but emitted substantially simultaneously from' I the distant object, which waves so transraliged in said body of waterat a substan-,

mitted lat different velocities ihave char; acteristics capable of reproduc ng as sounds of substantial correspondence as to note, said receiving means ,be'

ceive'the waves. of such ve acteristics; of means'operativel associated with said receivmg means, forte ephonically telligence by different forms of energy 00-' operatively, which comprises means for causing the substantially simultaneous emission of waves of electriclty and sound having characteristics capable of reproduction of sounds of substantial correspondence as to note.

ROBERT H. MARRIOTT.

Witnessesi Jorm O. L. OREILLY, PHILIP FARNSWORTH.

.jadapted' to r'eo tie and char- 

